Augmentative Communication in Speech Therapy: Transforming Lives
.
What is Augmentative and Communication
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) refers to the range of strategies, tools, and devices used to assist people who have difficulty with speech. AAC can include low-tech options such as picture boards and high-tech devices like speech-generating computers. The goal of AAC is to provide individuals with reliable communication methods tailored to their specific needs.
Speech therapists use AAC in their treatment plans for individuals of all ages, from toddlers to the elderly. By introducing AAC, therapists can give clients the tools they need to communicate effectively, regardless of their verbal abilities.
How AAC Helps Different Populations
AAC is an invaluable tool that serves individuals with diverse communication challenges. Here are some examples of how AAC supports different populations.
AAC for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Children with ASD often face expressive language difficulties that can result in frustration and behavioral issues. AAC systems, such as Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS) and apps like Proloquo2Go, allow children to use visuals to communicate their needs and feelings. These communication tools act as a bridge, providing a means of expression that eases frustration.
Example: Jacob, a 5-year-old with ASD, was non-verbal when he began therapy. His speech therapist introduced PECS to help him communicate. After consistent use, Jacob started using the pictures to request snacks, toys, and even identify his emotions. Over time, Jacob became more confident and began verbalizing a few simple words alongside the pictures.
AAC for Adults with Aphasia
Adults who experience aphasia, often due to a stroke or brain injury, lose the ability to understand or express language. AAC devices with speech-generating functions offer these individuals a way to communicate their thoughts. By selecting pre-programmed phrases or typing responses, they can effectively communicate even when their speech is impaired.
Example: Following a stroke, 60-year-old Maria struggled to speak. Her speech therapist introduced her to a speech-generating device that allowed her to type messages that the device would then say aloud. This gave Maria a voice again, enabling her to communicate with her family and participate in her favorite activities, like church meetings and family gatherings.
AAC for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy can severely impact muscle control, including the muscles involved in speech. Children with cerebral palsy often find speaking difficult or impossible. High-tech AAC tools, such as eye-tracking devices, enable children to select words on a screen using only their eye movements, granting them the ability to communicate independently.
Example: Lily, an 11-year-old with cerebral palsy, couldn’t speak or use her hands effectively. However, with the help of her speech therapist and an eye-tracking device, she learned to use her eyes to choose words and phrases from a screen. This technology gave Lily the ability to participate in class discussions, express her opinions, and even tell jokes with her friends.
AAC for Individuals with ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
ALS is a progressive disease that weakens the muscles, including those used for speaking. As the disease advances, individuals with ALS may lose their ability to speak entirely. High-tech AAC devices, such as speech-generating tools with voice output, become essential for maintaining communication.
Example: John, a 52-year-old with ALS, worked with a speech therapist to “bank” his voice while he still had some speech ability. This meant that his actual voice would be used by his speech-generating device, even when he could no longer speak. John used his AAC device to continue participating in conversations with his family, make decisions about his care, and express his needs.
AAC for Non-Verbal Individuals
AAC is a lifeline for individuals who are non-verbal due to developmental disorders, congenital conditions, or injuries. Whether using low-tech communication boards or high-tech speech-generating devices, AAC provides these individuals with a way to communicate and connect with the world around them.
Back to Table of Contents
The Role of Speech Therapists in AAC
Speech therapists are essential in guiding individuals through the AAC process, from selecting the right tool to providing ongoing training and support.
Tailored AAC Solutions
Every person’s communication needs are different. Speech therapists assess each client’s specific abilities, challenges, and goals to design a personalized AAC solution. This could include low-tech options, like communication boards with pictures or high-tech devices that generate speech based on inputs.
Personalized Assessments
A detailed assessment helps the speech therapist understand the individual’s unique communication strengths and challenges. This includes evaluating motor skills, cognitive abilities, and personal preferences to choose the best AAC tools.
Training and Support
Once the AAC solution is chosen, speech therapists offer training to both the individual and their family or caregivers. This training ensures that everyone understands how to use the device or communication method effectively. Speech therapists also teach strategies for incorporating AAC into daily life, such as using communication boards during meals or taking a speech-generating device to doctor’s appointments.
Monitoring Progress
Speech therapists continue to monitor the individual’s progress over time. As needs change or as clients master certain skills, the therapist adjusts the AAC system to keep it in sync with the person’s development. This constant feedback loop helps individuals maximize their communication potential.
Back-to-Table-of-Contents
Real-Life Examples of AAC
Ethan, Age 6, with ASD: Ethan began using a PECS system to communicate after struggling with verbal speech. Initially, he only used pictures to express his wants, such as requesting a toy. Over time, Ethan began to pair pictures with words and even initiated conversations with his peers, improving his social interactions.
Samantha, Age 34, with Aphasia: After a traumatic brain injury, Samantha had difficulty finding words. Her therapist introduced her to a speech-generating device that allowed her to form sentences by typing on a keyboard. With time, Samantha regained some verbal speech but continued to use her AAC device to support her communication.
Lily, Age 11, with Cerebral Palsy: Limited by her physical abilities, Lily was given an eye-tracking AAC device that allowed her to control a screen with her eyes. This gave her the power to communicate independently with her friends, participate in school, and engage in daily activities that were previously impossible for her.
Paul, Age 47, with ALS: As ALS progressed, Paul’s speech became increasingly difficult to understand. His speech therapist introduced him to a voice-output AAC device. With practice, Paul could continue communicating with his loved ones, caregivers, and medical team even as his speech abilities declined.
Back-to-Table-of-Contents
FAQs About Augmentative Communication
What is AAC, and who can benefit from it?
AAC refers to tools and techniques that help individuals with speech or language challenges communicate. It can benefit people with a wide range of conditions, such as autism, cerebral palsy, ALS, and aphasia.
What are some examples of AAC devices?
Examples of AAC devices include low-tech tools like communication boards with pictures, as well as high-tech options such as speech-generating devices, eye-tracking systems, and tablet-based communication apps.
How does a speech therapist choose the right AAC device?
A speech therapist evaluates the individual’s motor skills, cognitive abilities, and communication goals through a personalized assessment. Based on this evaluation, they recommend AAC solutions tailored to the client’s specific needs.
Can AAC improve quality of life?
Yes, AAC can significantly improve quality of life by enabling individuals to communicate effectively, reducing frustration, enhancing social interactions, and promoting independence.
Do AAC devices require ongoing support?
Yes, speech therapists provide continuous support to ensure that the AAC system meets the evolving needs of the individual. Regular check-ins help therapists make adjustments to the tools and strategies used.
Back-to-Table-of-Contents
Where to Learn More About AAC Devices
For further information on AAC devices or to explore purchasing options, you can visit:
- Tobii Dynavox – A leader in eye-tracking AAC devices and speech-generating technology.
- PRC-Saltillo – Offering a wide range of AAC solutions, including high-tech devices for all ages.
- AbleNet – Specializes in both low-tech and high-tech AAC tools, as well as educational resources for professionals.
Back-to-Table-of-Contents
Conclusion
Augmentative communication in speech therapy serves as a vital bridge for individuals facing communication challenges. By providing tailored AAC solutions, speech therapists help individuals—from children with autism to adults with ALS—find their voice. Whether using a communication board or advanced speech-generating technology, AAC tools empower users to express their needs, share their ideas, and build connections with the people around them. If you or a loved one might benefit from AAC, consulting a speech therapist is the first step toward unlocking the potential of augmentative communication.
Back-to-Table-of-Contents
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.