Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC): Tools, Benefits, and Real Stories
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) helps children and adults communicate when speech is difficult or not possible. In speech therapy, AAC includes picture systems, communication boards, speech-generating devices, and apps that give individuals a reliable way to express needs, thoughts, and feelings.
AAC is commonly introduced as part of speech therapy and may be used alongside spoken language or as a primary form of communication. This guide explains what AAC is, who benefits, common AAC tools, and how speech therapy supports successful communication, along with real-life stories that show how AAC can truly transform lives.
Table of Contents
What Is Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)?
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) includes tools and strategies that help people communicate when speech is difficult or not possible. AAC may support spoken language or replace it using pictures, symbols, communication boards, speech-generating devices, or specialized apps.
AAC can be used by children or adults and may be temporary or long term. For many individuals, AAC reduces frustration, improves participation, and supports meaningful interaction in everyday life.
Why AAC Is Important in Speech Therapy
Communication is a basic human need. When individuals cannot express themselves clearly, frustration, anxiety, and social isolation often follow.
AAC supports speech therapy by helping individuals:
- Participate in conversations at home, school, work, and in the community
- Reduce communication-related frustration and behavior challenges
- Build confidence through successful self-expression
- Increase independence by making choices and sharing opinions
AAC does not replace therapy. Instead, it provides immediate access to communication while speech and language skills continue to develop.
Who Benefits From AAC?
AAC is not limited to one age group or diagnosis. People of all ages use AAC successfully.
AAC may benefit:
- Children with speech or language delays, including childhood apraxia of speech
- Children with autism spectrum disorder, who may use AAC to express needs, preferences, and emotions
- Adults with neurological conditions, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, or ALS
- Individuals with temporary speech loss, including those recovering from surgery, illness, or injury
AAC is always individualized. What works for one person may not work for another.
Is AAC Appropriate for Young Children?
Yes. AAC can be used with toddlers and preschool-aged children, including those who are just beginning to communicate.
Picture-based AAC systems and simple communication boards help young children:
- Express basic wants and needs
- Reduce frustration and tantrums
- Build early language and social skills
AAC grows with the child and becomes more complex as communication skills develop.
Why Speech Therapists Recommend AAC
Speech therapists recommend AAC because access to communication improves learning, behavior, and social connection. When individuals have a reliable way to express themselves, participation increases across daily routines.
AAC works alongside speech therapy to support communication development at every stage. Research consistently shows that AAC does not prevent speech development and may actually encourage spoken language for many users.
When Should AAC Be Introduced?
AAC should be introduced as soon as communication challenges are identified. There is no need to wait for speech to develop before providing AAC support.
Early access to AAC:
- Reduces frustration and behavior challenges
- Supports language development
- Encourages social interaction
- Does not delay speech
Speech therapists often recommend introducing AAC early to support communication while speech skills continue to grow.
Types of AAC Tools and Systems
AAC tools are generally divided into low-tech and high-tech options.
Low-Tech AAC Options
Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS)
PECS uses picture cards that allow individuals to request items, make choices, or form simple messages. These systems are affordable, portable, and do not require electricity.
Communication Boards or Books
Boards or binders with symbols, photos, or words allow quick communication across daily routines. Vocabulary can be customized for home, school, or therapy.
Gestures and Simple Signs
Consistent gestures or basic sign language can support communication, especially for early learners or individuals with limited motor skills.
High-Tech AAC Options
Speech-Generating Devices (SGDs)
SGDs produce spoken words or phrases when symbols or text are selected. Devices may use touch access, switches, or eye-gaze technology.
Tablet-Based AAC Apps
Tablets and smartphones can function as powerful AAC tools using apps with text-to-speech and customizable vocabulary.
Eye-Tracking and Head-Tracking Technology
For individuals with limited movement, eye-gaze or head movement can control AAC systems, allowing independent communication.
Low-Tech vs. High-Tech AAC: Quick Comparison
| Feature | Low-Tech AAC | High-Tech AAC |
|---|---|---|
| Power Required | No | Yes |
| Cost | Low | Moderate to High |
| Examples | Picture boards, books | Devices, apps |
| Portability | High | Varies |
| Voice Output | No | Yes |
How to Choose the Right AAC System
Choosing the right AAC system involves more than selecting a device.
Important considerations include:
- Motor skills and access method (touch, switch, eye-gaze)
- Cognitive and language abilities
- Communication environments (home, school, community)
- Budget, insurance, and funding options
- Opportunities to trial devices before making a final decision
A speech-language pathologist can evaluate these factors and recommend an AAC system that matches current needs and grows over time.
The Role of Speech Therapy in AAC
Speech therapy is essential for successful AAC use.
Speech-language pathologists:
- Assess communication strengths, challenges, and goals
- Recommend appropriate AAC tools and systems
- Train individuals, families, and educators
- Adjust vocabulary and layouts as communication needs change
AAC assessment and intervention follow professional standards established by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, ensuring evidence-based and ethical practice.
What Happens During an AAC Evaluation?
An AAC evaluation is conducted by a speech-language pathologist and may include:
- Review of communication skills and needs
- Observation of motor abilities and access methods
- Trials with different AAC tools and systems
- Input from families, teachers, or caregivers
The goal is to identify a communication system that fits the individual’s abilities, environments, and long-term goals.
Real-Life AAC Success Stories
Mia’s Story
Mia, a young child with autism, struggled to express basic needs. With speech therapy and a tablet-based AAC app, she learned to request items, ask for breaks, and participate more fully in daily routines. As her communication improved, frustration decreased and confidence grew.
Jake’s Story
After a stroke, Jake lost the ability to speak clearly. Using a speech-generating device, he regained the ability to greet friends, ask questions, and share opinions. AAC helped restore independence and social connection.
You can also read Mary’s story of augmentative communication success, which highlights how AAC supports everyday communication and independence.
Tips for Parents, Caregivers, and Educators
AAC works best when everyone is involved.
Helpful strategies include:
- Use AAC consistently during daily routines
- Celebrate all communication attempts
- Personalize vocabulary based on interests and real-life activities
- Model AAC use by pointing to symbols while speaking
When AAC is treated as a natural part of communication, users are more likely to succeed.
Funding and Insurance for AAC
AAC devices and systems may be funded through:
- Private insurance or Medicaid
- School-based services and IEPs
- Grants and charitable organizations
- Assistive technology programs
A speech-language pathologist can help families navigate evaluations, documentation, and funding options.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does AAC stand for in speech therapy?
AAC stands for augmentative and alternative communication.
Who benefits from AAC?
AAC benefits children and adults with speech delays, autism, stroke, brain injury, cerebral palsy, ALS, and other communication challenges.
Does AAC prevent speech development?
No. Research shows AAC often supports and encourages speech development.
Is AAC only for nonverbal individuals?
No. AAC can support people with limited, unclear, or inconsistent speech.
Can AAC be used temporarily?
Yes. AAC may be used temporarily during recovery from illness, surgery, or injury.
How do I know which AAC system is right?
A speech-language pathologist can assess communication needs and recommend the most appropriate AAC system.
Conclusion: Empowering Communication Through AAC
Augmentative and alternative communication gives individuals a voice when speech alone is not enough. Whether through a simple picture board or a sophisticated speech-generating device, AAC supports independence, confidence, and meaningful connection.
With guidance from a qualified speech-language pathologist and consistent support from families and educators, AAC opens the door to a more inclusive and communicative future.